Final answer:
Special forms of cargo requiring attention include refrigerated cargo, RORO for wheeled vehicles, and liquid or gas cargo due to their need for special handling. Cargo ships, such as container ships, play a pivotal role in global trade but need careful management to prevent environmental risks like the spread of non-indigenous species via ballast water.
Step-by-step explanation:
Several special forms of cargo require special attention during transportation due to their unique characteristics. These include:
Additionally, cargo ships contribute significantly to global trade and therefore to the introduction of non-indigenous species through ballast water (BW) discharge, according to various studies, including those by Xu et al. (2014). Special attention is required to manage the risk of species spread via ballast water.
Cargo ships range from bulk carriers to container ships, which have transformed trade by allowing the efficient transportation of goods. The type of vessel determines the shipping patterns and potential BW delivery patterns. Factors such as ship routes, frequently discharged BW, and the types of cargo being transported must all be managed to mitigate environmental and safety risks associated with maritime transport.