Final answer:
To find the concentration of each ion remaining after a reaction, calculate the ion product using premixed ion concentrations, compare it to Ksp, and account for total ion concentration. The final ion concentrations are determined by factoring in dilution from mixing solutions.
Step-by-step explanation:
To determine the concentration of each ion remaining in solution after a chemical reaction, you must first calculate the ion product (Q). This involves using the initial concentrations of the ions before the reaction. For example, if we have 100 mL of a BaCl2 solution and it is mixed with a 10.0 mL solution, resulting in a final volume of 110 mL, the concentration of Ba2+ would be determined by the moles of Ba2+ from the original solution divided by this new volume.
Total ion concentration is the sum of individual ion concentrations in solution. For instance, if we dissolve (NH4)2Cr2O7, 1 M concentration will give 1.43 M Cr2O72- and 2.86 M NH4+ because each formula unit contributes three ions in total when dissolved.
After mixing the solutions and accounting for dilution, compare the ion product (Q) with the solubility product constant (Ksp) to check if a precipitate forms. If Q < Ksp, no precipitate will form, and the initial concentrations post-mixing will be the final concentrations of ions in the solution.