Final answer:
Effective primary prevention for CHD in type II diabetes patients includes statins, aspirin, calcium channel blockers, beta-blockers, and potentially fibrates for high triglyceride levels, combined with lifestyle changes like a healthy diet and regular exercise.
Step-by-step explanation:
The primary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) in patients with type II diabetes involves both lifestyle changes and medications. Key medications include statins, which are effective as they reduce cholesterol by inhibiting the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase. This enzyme is responsible for synthesizing cholesterol from lipids in the body. By lowering cholesterol levels, statins reduce the risk of coronary artery disease.
Another medication used is aspirin, an antiplatelet drug that prevents blood clots from forming and reduces the risk of heart attacks. Patients may also be prescribed calcium channel blockers and/or beta-blockers to manage blood pressure and heart rate, further contributing to the risk reduction of CHD. Additionally, patients with significantly raised triglyceride levels may benefit from fibrates, which have a different mechanism of action pertinent to lipid metabolism.
It is essential for patients with type II diabetes to not only rely on medications but also to pursue lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, and weight management to reduce cardiovascular risk and possibly stop the progression or reverse type II diabetes.