Final answer:
The privacy rule applies to CEs when they manage personal health information, and is enforced under laws like COPPA in the U.S. and GDPR in the EU.
Step-by-step explanation:
The privacy rule applies to Covered Entities (CEs) when they handle personal health information. These rules are essential for protecting the privacy of individuals and are strictly enforced in various contexts. In the United States, state and federal laws provide protection for personal cyber data, which includes data stored electronically.
The Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) allows parents to control what information is collected about their children online, and the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) imposes specific conditions under which personal data may be gathered or processed by both private businesses and government agencies.