Final answer:
Nonopioid analgesics, particularly NSAIDs, should be avoided in patients with asthma, peptic ulcer disease, or hypertension due to the risk of exacerbating these conditions. The inhibition of COX enzymes can interfere with protective gastrointestinal mechanisms and renal function.
Step-by-step explanation:
the correct option : 4
Nonopioid pain relievers, particularly nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen, can have a variety of side effects that may exacerbate pre-existing conditions. NSAIDs can provoke bronchospasm in individuals with asthma, leading to difficulty in breathing and worsening of asthmatic symptoms. In patients with a history of peptic ulcer disease, NSAIDs can increase the risk of developing gastric ulcers and bleeding due to their effect on gastric mucosa. Furthermore, these medications may affect renal function, which can lead to fluid retention and worsen hypertension.
It is the inhibition of COX enzymes by NSAIDs that can interfere with the protective mechanisms of the gastrointestinal tract and the regulation of blood flow to the kidneys, both of which can be harmful in the conditions mentioned. Additionally, patients with cardiovascular risk should use NSAIDs with caution due to their potential to increase the risk of heart attack and stroke. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) should not be used with peptic ulcer disease. NSAIDs like aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen inhibit the COX enzymes involved in pain and inflammation.