Final answer:
Sensory neurons, or afferent neurons, are responsible for bringing signals to the central nervous system from the body's sensory receptors. Motor neurons, or efferent neurons, send signals from the CNS to the body's effectors.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of neuron that brings signals to the central nervous system is the sensory neuron, also known as an afferent neuron. These neurons carry nerve impulses from sensory receptors in tissues and organs to the central nervous system (CNS). Sensory neurons translate various physical stimuli, such as touch, light, and sound, into nerve impulses that the CNS can process.In contrast, motor neurons, or efferent neurons, carry impulses away from the CNS to the effector organs, like muscles and glands, thus facilitating movement and action. To better understand the roles, you can think of afferent neurons as informing the CNS about what's going on in and around the body, while efferent neurons are the CNS's way of telling the body how to respond.