Final answer:
Opioid analgesics may lead to side effects like nausea and vomiting, decreased blood pressure, and constipation, which should be communicated to patients by healthcare professionals.
Step-by-step explanation:
The nurse should include the following side effects when providing patient teaching for opioid analgesics: nausea and vomiting, decreased blood pressure, and constipation. These side effects are common when opioids are taken, even as directed. Increased heart rate is generally not a direct side effect of opioid use; rather, users may experience abnormal heart rhythms which could appear as increased or decreased heart rate depending on the individual's response to the medication.
Patients need to be aware of these potential side effects so they can communicate any concerns with their healthcare provider and ensure the safe use of the medication. While opioids can cause bradycardia (slow heart rate) in some individuals, they can also increase heart rate in others.