Final answer:
The words/terms for the given descriptions are distance, vector, acceleration, origin, displacement, and instantaneous velocity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is option b.
For the description 'The shortest path from start to finish,' the word/term is distance.
For the description 'A physical quantity with magnitude and direction,' the word/term is vector.
For the description 'The quantity defined as a change in velocity over a time period,' the word/term is acceleration.
For the description 'The point from where you take measurements,' the word/term is origin.
For the description 'The distance covered in a time interval,' the word/term is displacement.
For the description 'The velocity at a specific instant in time,' the word/term is instantaneous velocity.