Final answer:
The provided true or false statements are related to basic physics concepts such as weight balance on the moon, changes in kinetic and potential energies, terminal velocity, solar sail craft propulsion, and motion of spacecraft in space.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student's question is about physics concepts related to forces, gravity, and motion. The true or false statements given for evaluation are related to fundamental physics principles that are commonly taught in high school.
Weight Balance on the Moon
False: While a 1-kg book and a 1-kg iron weight balance each other on Earth, they would not necessarily do so on the moon. Gravity on the moon is about 1/6th as strong as Earth's gravity, but it affects all objects equally. So, if they are balanced on Earth, they will also be balanced on the moon. The reason is that both mass and gravitational force are proportional, hence the mass ratio remains constant regardless of the location.
Kinetic and Potential Energy
False: If a rock is thrown into the air, its kinetic energy decreases as the height increases due to work being done against gravity. Conversely, its potential energy increases with height. As it falls back to the ground, the potential energy converts back into kinetic energy.
Terminal Velocity and Weightlessness
False: A skydiver reaching terminal velocity is not weightless. Terminal velocity occurs when the force of gravity is balanced by the air resistance, meaning the skydiver falls with constant velocity. The skydiver still has weight, which is the force of gravity acting on the mass.
Solar Sail Craft Propulsion
True: Solar sail craft can be propelled by the momentum transfer of particles from the solar wind hitting the large reflective sails.
Spacecraft Motion in Space
True: Once a rocket escapes Earth's gravitational pull and if no other forces act upon it, it will travel in a straight line. This is in accordance with Newton's first law of motion which states an object in motion will stay in motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force.