Final answer:
Gun sights are adjusted to compensate for the effect of gravity. Increasing muzzle velocity affects bullet trajectory and air resistance.
Step-by-step explanation:
In this question, we are discussing how gun sights are adjusted to compensate for the effect of gravity.
When a gun is sighted to hit targets that are at the same height as the gun and 100.0 m away, if aimed directly at a target 150.0 m away, the bullet will hit lower than the target due to the effect of gravity.
If the muzzle velocity of the bullet is increased, it would reach the target faster and have a flatter trajectory.
This means that the bullet would hit closer to the target at the longer distance.
The effect of air resistance would also be reduced as the bullet would spend less time in the air, resulting in less deceleration.