Final answer:
Glomerulonephritis is the inflammation of the kidney that primarily involves the glomeruli. It is characterized by symptoms including proteinuria, hypertension, and edema and should not be confused with pyelonephritis, which affects the kidney's pelvis and the urinary tract.
Step-by-step explanation:
The medical term for inflammation of the kidney involving primarily the glomeruli is glomerulonephritis. This condition can occur in acute or chronic forms and is characterized by symptoms such as excessive protein and blood in the urine, increased blood pressure, and fluid retention which leads to edema of the face, hands, and feet. Pyelonephritis is another kidney infection, but it differs from glomerulonephritis because it typically involves the kidney's pelvis and the urinary tract, whereas glomerulonephritis specifically targets the glomeruli. It's crucial to distinguish these conditions accurately, as they have different causes and treatment approaches. Other conditions involving the kidneys include nephrotic syndrome, which features significant proteinuria and low serum albumin, and renal failure, where the kidneys no longer function adequately. These conditions require medical attention to manage symptoms and address the underlying causes.