Final answer:
To create a gauge pressure of 4.00 cm of water in a balloon with an effective area of 50.0 cm², one must exert a force of approximately 1.962 newtons.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student has asked a physics-related question about the force required to inflate a person's lungs with a balloon by creating a specific gauge pressure. To calculate the force needed to create a gauge pressure of 4.00 cm of water, we should first note that 1 cm of water is equivalent to 98.1 pascals (Pa). Therefore, a 4.00 cm water gauge pressure equals 4 x 98.1 = 392.4 Pa. The effective area over which the force is applied is 50.0 cm², or 0.0050 m² when converted to square meters. Using the formula pressure (P) = force (F) divided by area (A), we can solve for force as follows: F = P x A = 392.4 Pa x 0.0050 m² = 1.962 N (newtons). So a force of approximately 1.962 newtons needs to be exerted on the balloon.
The compressed air cylinder on a life raft is used to inflate the raft in case of an emergency. Hydro, short for hydrostatic test, is the process of testing the cylinder by subjecting it to high-pressure water to check for any leaks or weaknesses. This test is important to ensure the cylinder's safety and effectiveness. According to regulations, the hydrostatic test must be conducted every 2 years to comply with safety standards.