Final answer:
Calcium supplements have been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Studies do not conclusively support a higher risk of colorectal cancer from calcium supplements, and calcium may not reduce the risk of this cancer. The correct answer is option: Cardiovascular events.
Step-by-step explanation:
The use of calcium supplements has been linked with a higher risk of cardiovascular events such as strokes or heart attacks. While there is some evidence to suggest an association with certain cancers, the research findings are mixed and do not conclusively support a higher risk of colorectal cancer specifically.
In contrast to the belief that calcium might protect against colorectal cancer, studies indicate that dietary fiber and calcium supplements do not necessarily reduce the risk. Furthermore, the use of calcium supplements may also be associated with other health issues such as an increased risk of gallstones and possibly an influence on cognitive impairment and certain types of cancer.