Final answer:
The best statement to complete the cause and effect diagram is that the Arabian Peninsula has little fresh water, leading to food imports.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that best completes the diagram illustrating the cause and effect relationship leading to most countries on the Arabian Peninsula needing to import food is 'The Arabian Peninsula has little fresh water.' This fundamental factor is a key contributor to the region's dependence on food imports. The Arabian Peninsula is characterized by predominantly arid climates and limited rainfall, making traditional agriculture challenging.
Despite efforts to extract water from underground aquifers and the implementation of desalination of seawater in wealthier states, water scarcity remains a significant issue. While the region possesses substantial oil reserves, driving its economy, this economic strength does not compensate for the scarcity of water required to sustain large-scale agricultural practices. As a result, the lack of ample freshwater resources is a pivotal cause leading to the reliance on food imports for many countries on the Arabian Peninsula.