Final answer:
Experimental results can support both the classical wave theory and the particle theory of light due to wave-particle duality. Interference patterns support the wave model, while the photoelectric effect supports the particle model, reflecting light's dual nature.
Step-by-step explanation:
To determine whether experimental results support the classical wave theory or a particle theory of light, one can perform specific experiments that highlight the characteristics of light that correspond to each model. The experiment to support the wave theory of light could involve demonstrating interference patterns, which indicate light's wave nature. On the other hand, to support the particle model of light, one could arrange a demonstration of the photoelectric effect using a negatively charged electroscope, zinc plate, and light sources of different frequencies such as a red laser, a desk lamp, and an ultraviolet lamp.
The photoelectric effect occurs when light of a certain minimum frequency, or wavelength, strikes a metal surface, ejecting electrons. If light were purely a wave, any frequency of sufficient intensity should cause electron emission. However, experimental results show that no electrons are ejected unless the light frequency is above a certain threshold, regardless of light intensity. This directly supports the particle theory of light, as it suggests that only 'particles' of light with enough energy, or photons, can dislodge electrons. This is fully aligned with the concept of wave-particle duality, where light exhibits both wave-like and particle-like properties, but not simultaneously.
The wave nature of light is demonstrated through phenomena such as interference and diffraction, while the particle nature is supported by experiments like the photoelectric effect. Wave-particle duality is fundamental to the understanding of quantum mechanics, reflecting light's ability to exhibit both behaviors depending on the experimental conditions.