Final answer:
The Maya civilization made significant achievements in astronomy and mathematics, including the development of a complex calendar system and a sophisticated numerical system that included the concept of zero. Their knowledge of astronomy allowed them to accurately predict solar eclipses.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Maya civilization in Mesoamerica achieved significant advancements in astronomy and mathematics. They developed a complex calendar system based on astronomical observations, which played a central role in their religious and cultural practices.
The Maya also had a highly sophisticated numerical system that included the concept of zero, allowing for advanced calculations and insights into arithmetic and geometry. Their knowledge of astronomy was so advanced that they could accurately predict solar eclipses.