Final answer:
The opiate associated with seizures when given in high doses to patients with renal failure is pethidine. This is due to the accumulation of its metabolite, normeperidine, which can cause excitatory effects on the central nervous system.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the opiates listed, the one associated with seizures when given in high dose to patients with renal failure is pethidine (also known as meperidine). Pethidine is an opioid analgesic that is less commonly used today due to its side effects, which can be pronounced in patients with renal failure due to the accumulation of its metabolite, normeperidine. Normeperidine can cause excitatory effects on the central nervous system, such as tremors and seizures, particularly in patients with reduced renal function who cannot adequately excrete the metabolite.
Fentanyl, while potent, does not have the same seizure risk as pethidine in the context of renal failure. Morphine and codeine also have metabolites that can accumulate in renal failure, but they are less likely to cause seizures compared to pethidine. Methadone, which is used for pain management as well as in opioid substitution therapy, is less likely to accumulate in patients with renal impairment and is not commonly associated with seizures.