Final answer:
The wake turbulence vortex circulates outward, upward, and around each wingtip as a result of the air pressure differences created when a plane's wing generates lift, demonstrating the conservation of momentum principle.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question 'How does the wake turbulence vortex circulate around each wingtip?' refers to the airflow pattern that occurs at the wingtips of an aircraft as it generates lift. The correct answer is: 1) Outward, upward, and around each tip.
As an airplane wing slices through the air, the higher pressure air from beneath the wing tends to move towards the lower pressure area above the wing, and this movement is most pronounced at the wingtips, where these two pressures merge. This causes a rolling motion of the air, forming vortices that trail from each wingtip. The airflow moves outward, upward, and then around each tip, creating a vortex. Regarding the theoretical concepts involved, Bernoulli's principle plays a role in the creation of lift, but the wake turbulence specifically is more an example of the conservation of momentum principle. The wake vortex is a byproduct of the lift created by the wing and the change in air pressure it induces.