Final answer:
Signs of magnesium toxicity include hypotension, hyporeflexia, and bradycardia. These symptoms are due to the depressive effect of high magnesium levels on the neuromuscular function and the cardiovascular system.
Step-by-step explanation:
The signs of magnesium toxicity in a patient are typically associated with excessive levels of magnesium in the blood, which leads to various physiological disturbances. The established signs of toxicity include:
- Hypotension (low blood pressure)
- Hyporeflexia (sluggish reflexes)
- Bradicardia (slow heart rate)
These symptoms contrast with conditions of magnesium deficiency, where you might see hypertension (high blood pressure), increased heart rate, and other metabolic disturbances such as insulin resistance and oxidative stress. When blood magnesium levels become excessively high, the nervous system becomes less excitable, which leads to weakened reflexes (hyporeflexia) and can slow down various body systems, resulting in low blood pressure (hypotension) and a reduced heartbeat (bradicardia).
Therefore, the correct answers to the question about signs of magnesium toxicity would be 1) Hypotension, 3) Hyporeflexia, and 4) Bradicardia.