Final answer:
The direction of currents in coils when a switch is operated will change depending on whether the switch is first closed, has been closed for a long time, or is just opened, following Lenz's Law which relates to changes in the magnetic field.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question refers to the behavior of currents in coils when a switch in the circuit is manipulated. The type of the push button switch mentioned (Normally Open, Normally Closed, Single Circuit, Double Circuit) is not directly related to the currents in the coils. However, this type of switch can affect the initial conditions of the circuit's operation. Here is a general explanation of what happens in a circuit with inductive coils:
- (a) When the switch is first closed: A current starts to flow in the circuit, creating a changing magnetic field, which in turn induces electromotive forces (EMFs) in the coils according to Lenz's Law. The direction of these induced currents will oppose the change in the magnetic field that is causing them.
- (b) When the switch has been closed for a long time: Currents in the coils will reach a steady state if there is a steady supply of voltage and resistance in the circuit is constant. The magnetic field will be stable, and there will be no change to induce further EMFs.
- (c) Just after the switch is opened: The collapse of the magnetic field around the coils will induce currents in the opposite direction to the current flow when the switch was closed. This is again due to Lenz's Law, which states that the induced EMFs will oppose the change in the magnetic field that's disappearing as the switch is opened.
To provide an accurate direction of the currents, one would need to refer to Figure 23.55 or 23.58 mentioned in the question, as the configuration of the circuit is crucial for determining the exact behavior.