Final answer:
The lumbar spine's full range of motion includes flexion, extension, and lateral flexion, however, rotation is limited in this region.
Step-by-step explanation:
The lumbar spine exhibits three primary motions for full opening: flexion, extension, and lateral flexion. Flexion involves forward bending, extension entails straightening from a flexed position or bending backward, and lateral flexion refers to bending the spine to the right or left side. These movements are enabled by the symphysis joints formed by intervertebral discs and the synovial joints, specifically the plane type, between the articular processes of adjacent vertebrae.
However, rotational movement is limited in the lumbar region due to the orientation of the articular processes. While the lumbar spine is more designed for stability and weight-bearing, these various motions collectively contribute to the overall flexibility and functionality of the spine, allowing for a range of movements essential for daily activities and functional tasks.