Final answer:
Vascular access or catheterization describes the process of making an incision through tissue layers to expose and incise a vessel for catheter introduction during procedures like angioplasty, common in vascular surgery.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that describes making an incision and dissecting through tissue layers to expose a blood vessel for the introduction of a catheter is known as vascular access or catheterization. The procedure begins with an incision to gain access to the vessel, followed by careful dissection of the surrounding tissue. Once the vessel is exposed, an incision is made into it, allowing for the insertion of a catheter. This is a common practice in procedures such as angioplasty, wherein a catheter with a balloon tip is used to widen a blocked vessel and increase blood flow. A stent may also be placed to maintain the vessel's patency. This type of procedure is typically performed by vascular surgeons and technicians who have undergone extensive training in the field of vascular surgery.