Final answer:
A Gibson or a Pfannenstiel incision are extraperitoneal incisional options for accessing the lower ureter, avoiding entry into the peritoneal cavity and minimizing postoperative complications.
Step-by-step explanation:
A gibson or a pfannenstiel incision is an extraperitoneal incisional option that can be used to access the lower portion of the ureter.The kidneys and ureters are positioned retroperitoneal, which means they are located between the parietal peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall. During a surgical procedure to access the lower segment of the ureter, an incision must avoid entering the peritoneal cavity. The Gibson incision is an inclined incision above the inguinal ligament, while a Pfannenstiel incision is a transverse incision just above the pubic bone. Both of these surgical access options spare disruption of the peritoneal cavity while allowing access to the target area.
This approach is important for decreasing the risk of postoperative complications, such as infection or adhesions. Additionally, these incisions provide a good visual and physical access route to the lower ureters for various urological interventions. It's essential to understand the anatomy, as the ureter is composed of several layers, including an inner mucosa with transitional epithelium, smooth muscle fibers for peristaltic contractions, and an outer adventitiously layer anchoring it to adjacent structures.