Final answer:
Scoliosis is the medical condition characterized by a lateral curvature of the spinal column, sometimes requiring the use of a Harrington rod in a posterior spinal fusion surgery.
Step-by-step explanation:
The medical condition characterized by a lateral curvature of the spinal column and may require a posterior Spinal fusion with the use of a Harrington rod is known as scoliosis. Scoliosis is an abnormal bending of the spine that can cause complications such as a visible hump when the curve of the spine slips under the shoulder blade.
While often appearing during preadolescence due to factors like poor posture abnormal growth or indeterminate causes scoliosis can worsen during adolescent growth spurts. In severe cases of scoliosis, treatment methods include bracing or surgery, with posterior spinal fusion being a possibility for the most extreme forms.