Final answer:
A total abdominal hysterectomy involves the removal of the uterus and cervix from the female reproductive system. Additional removal of ovaries and fallopian tubes is not part of the hysterectomy by definition but can be performed concurrently in a procedure called salpingo-oophorectomy.
Step-by-step explanation:
A total abdominal hysterectomy involves the surgical removal of female reproductive system structures. Specifically, it includes the removal of the uterus, which is the hollow, muscular organ where a fetus would develop. The cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina, is typically removed as well. In some cases, the ovaries and fallopian tubes may also be removed during the procedure, but this additional surgery is known as a salpingo-oophorectomy and is not part of a hysterectomy by definition.
The uterus is connected to a pair of ovaries by the fallopian tubes. The ovaries are important for producing eggs and hormones like estrogen and progesterone. These structures, along with the uterus, play central roles in the female reproductive system, menstrual cycle, and pregnancy.