Final answer:
From an FVC maneuver, one can measure FEV1 and PEFR, but not directly FRC or RV. FEV1/FVC ratio is vital for diagnosing lung diseases, with low ratios suggesting obstructive conditions and high ratios indicating restrictive disorders. Option 1 and 2 are correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
The information that may be obtained from a Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) maneuver during bedside pulmonary function testing includes the Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) and the Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR). However, it does not directly measure Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) or Residual Volume (RV); these require different measures or calculations in conjunction with FVC. The FVC maneuver measures how much air can be forced out of the lung after taking the deepest breath possible, and FEV1 represents the volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled in one second from full lung capacity. The PEFR reflects the highest flow rate achieved during the FVC maneuver.
The FEV1/FVC ratio is a crucial measurement used to assess lung function and distinguish between obstructive and restrictive lung diseases. A low FEV1/FVC ratio indicates obstructive lung disease like asthma, where resistance in the airways causes difficulty in expelling air. Conversely, restrictive lung disease such as lung fibrosis is indicated by a normal or high FEV1/FVC ratio, characterized by stiff lungs that expel air quickly but have a reduced overall lung volume.