Final answer:
The maximum effective range of the M16A2 on a point target is 550 meters. Adjustment of gun sights for gravity is key, and factors like muzzle velocity and air resistance impact this range.
Step-by-step explanation:
The maximum effective range of an M16A2 rifle on a point target is 550 meters. Considering this, when engaging a point target at said range, gun sights must be adjusted to compensate for gravity's effect on the bullet's trajectory. The answer to the student's question falls under the topic of ballistics, which is a part of physics dealing with the motion, behavior, and effects of projectiles. When discussing muzzle velocity and its effects on a bullet's impact, it's crucial to understand that a higher muzzle velocity would result in the bullet traveling faster, thus reducing the time it is affected by gravity and potentially increasing the accuracy over greater distances. Factors like air resistance, which can slow down the bullet and alter its path, must also be considered when determining effective range.