Final answer:
The difference between synchronous speed and full load speed in an induction motor is known as slip. Slip occurs due to the rotor not being able to catch up with the stator's rotating magnetic field and varies with the load on the motor.
Step-by-step explanation:
The difference between synchronous speed and full load speed is called slip.
Synchronous speed is the speed at which the magnetic field of the stator rotates in an AC machine, such as an induction motor. It is determined by the frequency of the AC power supply and the number of poles in the motor. Full load speed, on the other hand, is the actual rotational speed of the motor's rotor when it is operating under full load conditions. The difference between these two speeds arises due to slip, which is an inherent characteristic of induction motors. Slip allows the motor to produce torque. It is usually expressed as a percentage of the synchronous speed.
The amount of slip varies with the load on the motor. Under no load conditions, the slip is minimal, and the rotor almost reaches the synchronous speed. However, as the mechanical load increases, the slip also increases, resulting in a decrease in rotor speed. This is a crucial concept in understanding how induction motors operate and is important for their control and performance considerations.