Question

What are the findings in retinoblastoma?

1) 1st and 2nd MC findings
2) 3rd and 4th MC findings
3) 5th and 6th MC findings
4) 7th and 8th MC findings

Answer 1

Retinoblastoma is typically identified by leukocoria and strabismus, with other findings including glaucoma, poor vision, retinal detachment and uveitis. Advanced stages may show metastasis and neurological signs, associated with mutations in the retinoblastoma gene.

Step-by-step explanation:

The most common findings in retinoblastoma, a type of retinal cancer, include the following:

• Presence of leukocoria, also known as 'cat's eye reflex,' where a white pupillary reflection is observed.
• Strabismus, which is the misalignment of the eyes.

Other findings, although less common, can be:

1. Red, painful eye due to glaucoma.
2. Poor vision or blindness in the affected eye.
3. Presence of a retinal detachment.
4. Uveitis, an inflammation of the middle layer of the eye.

Further advanced stages may show more systemic signs such as:

• Metastasis in advanced cases, where the cancer spreads to other parts of the body.
• Neurological signs if the cancer has spread to the brain.

It is crucial to be aware that retinoblastoma can lead to focal points of cancer cell growth when the retinal cells cycle uncontrollably due to mutations in the retinoblastoma gene (Rb gene), which normally helps control cell division.