Final answer:
Article IV, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution grants citizens the right to enjoy the same privileges and immunities in every state, ensuring equality and preventing discrimination based on state citizenship, along with a requirement for the extradition of fugitives. The Fourteenth Amendment further emphasized these protections, focusing on equal protection and due process rights.
Step-by-step explanation:
Article IV, Section 2 of the United States Constitution includes provisions that protect the rights of citizens as they move between states, known as the Privileges and Immunities Clause. This clause ensures that the citizens from one state are entitled to the same privileges and immunities as the citizens of any other state they are in. For example, a person from Texas has the right to the same sales tax rates, police protection, and access to courts as if they were a citizen of New York when visiting there. Additionally, Section 2 requires that states extradite individuals to the state where they committed a crime, ensuring that justice is served across state boundaries.
With the Fourteenth Amendment, the scope of the Privileges and Immunities Clause was expanded to reinforce the right to equal protection and due process under the law. The historical implications and interpretations of this Clause have been significant, especially regarding civil liberties and the extent to which state and federal protections are afforded to citizens throughout the United States.