Final answer:
Diabetes mellitus, particularly type 2, increases the risk of periodontal disease by impairing the immune response and healing capacity due to elevated blood glucose levels and increased blood vessel thickness. Effective management of diabetes and maintaining good oral hygiene are essential in preventing and managing periodontal disease in individuals with diabetes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct option : 2
This succinctly describes the relationship between diabetes mellitus and the development of periodontal disease. Diabetes mellitus, particularly type 2 diabetes, is associated with insulin resistance and may also involve impaired insulin secretion. These conditions lead to elevated blood glucose levels that, if poorly controlled, can have widespread effects on various body systems, including oral health. People with diabetes are more susceptible to infections due to a compromised immune response, which makes them more vulnerable to the microbes that cause periodontal disease.
Furthermore, diabetes can lead to increased blood vessel thickness, reducing the flow of nutrients and the removal of waste products, thus impairing the body's healing capacity and exacerbating the inflammatory response. Good oral hygiene practices are essential in preventing the progression of periodontal disease, especially for those with diabetes. With diabetes acting as a contributing factor, periodontal disease in diabetic patients may progress more rapidly and become more severe if not promptly and adequately managed. Therefore, it is crucial for individuals with diabetes to be aware of the increased risk and take diligent care to manage both their glycemic control and oral health.