Final answer:
The term that identifies a food causing dental caries is 'sugars'. This is due to certain bacteria in the mouth that ferment sugars, producing acids that lead to tooth decay. Preventive measures include reducing sugar intake and practicing good oral hygiene. The answer is option 4.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term used to identify a food that causes dental caries is sugars. Tooth decay is principally caused by the action of bacteria on sugars in the mouth, which produce acids that break down tooth enamel. Foods high in sugars, such as candies, soft drinks, and even fruits, can increase dental caries if good dental hygiene is not maintained. Streptococcus mutans is specifically known for its role in forming dental caries by metabolizing sucrose to create acidic by-products, causing demineralization and decay of tooth structures.
Reducing sugar intake, maintaining proper oral hygiene, receiving regular dental cleanings, and using fluoride treatments are effective strategies for preventing dental caries. For optimal oral health, it's recommended to minimize the consumption of sugary foods and beverages while maintaining a consistent dental care routine.