Final answer:
Occlusal trauma causes changes in the periodontal ligament, leading to potential inflammation, bone loss, and altered ligament space, which can result in tooth mobility or loss if left unaddressed.
Step-by-step explanation:
Occlusal trauma leads to significant periodontal ligament changes, such as widened ligament space, increased osteoclast activity, and the potential for tooth mobility and loss. The periodontal ligament, made of collagen fibers, attaches the tooth roots to the jawbone, playing a crucial role in maintaining tooth stability. When these ligaments encounter excessive mechanical force, such as from occlusal trauma, the response includes inflammation and potential remodeling of the bone and ligament.
The increased mechanical stress can provoke an imbalance in bone formation and resorption, leading to bone loss and ligament space alterations. This stress may cause direct damage to the ligaments, and over time, result in changes in the ligament spaces, making the teeth less stable. Immediate effects can include increased mobility of the tooth and discomfort, while chronic effects could result in pathological migration of the tooth or teeth involved. It's essential to address occlusal trauma promptly to prevent the progression of damage to the periodontal tissues and maintain oral health.