Question

Which of the following is a risk factor associated with oral and pharyngeal cancer?

1) Smoking
2) Excessive alcohol consumption
3) Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
4) All of the above

Answer 1

All of the options provided, namely smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and HPV infection are risk factors for oral and pharyngeal cancer.

Step-by-step explanation:

The risk factors associated with oral and pharyngeal cancer include 1) Smoking, 2) Excessive alcohol consumption, and 3) Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Therefore, the correct answer is 4) All of the above. Smoking not only increases the risk of oral cancer but also contributes to other oral problems like gum disease and tooth loss. Excessive alcohol consumption is a known risk factor for several types of cancer, including mouth and pharynx cancers. HPV is a sexually transmitted virus that can lead to cancer of the oral and pharyngeal areas, as it does with cervical cancer by interfering with normal cell division.