Final answer:
The causes of epididymitis in individuals under the age of 35 are sexually transmitted infections, urinary tract infections, trauma, and reactive arthritis, with STIs being a significant cause. Treatment is critical to prevent serious complications, and can include antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, and pain relief.
Step-by-step explanation:
The causes of epididymitis in individuals under the age of 35 include sexually transmitted infections (STIs), urinary tract infections, trauma or injury to the genital area, and reactive arthritis. Among these, STIs are a significant cause, as sexually active individuals can contract bacteria that may lead to infection of the epididymis. Symptoms often entail pain, swelling, and redness in the scrotal area, possibly accompanied by fever and urethral discharge. Trauma or injury can also result in inflammation of the epididymis. Less commonly, reactive arthritis, a condition that causes inflammation in various parts of the body, can lead to epididymitis.
Treatment for epididymitis is crucial regardless of symptoms, to prevent complications such as abscess formation, spread of infection, permanent tissue damage, and infertility. Common treatments include antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and painkillers. In the case of acute epididymitis, where the onset of symptoms is rapid, treatment is urgent to avoid further spread of infection and potential harm to reproductive health. Chronic epididymitis, persisting for over three months, may require extended antibiotic therapy, possibly lasting four to six weeks, alongside other supportive measures.