Final answer:
If the infant or child is not breathing normally but has a pulse, begin CPR immediately with an emphasis on providing rescue breaths to support respiration. It's crucial to act quickly and not wait for medical assistance since prompt CPR can be life-saving and help minimize the risk of brain damage.
Step-by-step explanation:
When dealing with an unconscious infant or child who has a pulse but is not breathing normally, starting CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) is crucial. Current CPR guidelines emphasize providing high-quality chest compressions and ensuring adequate respiration. In the case of an infant, it is important to perform CPR gently with two fingers or two thumbs for compressions, depending on the baby's size, and to also provide gentle rescue breaths. If you're dealing with a child, use one or both hands for compressions depending on the child's size, and continue with rescue breaths. Remember to call for emergency medical help if it has not already been done. Do not wait for medical help to arrive before starting CPR, as timely intervention is vital for the child's survival and to minimize the risk of brain damage caused by a lack of oxygen.
If the child is choking, different measures, such as back slaps or the Heimlich maneuver, should be taken to dislodge the obstruction before CPR is considered. It is critical to differentiate between choking and respiratory failure to provide the appropriate assistance. However, in the absence of a choking situation and when a pulse is present, immediate CPR with a focus on respiration is the recommended course of action.