Final answer:
The catalase test is used to differentiate Listeria monocytogenes, which gives a positive result, from Streptococcus species, which are catalase-negative, helping in the diagnosis and treatment of infections.
Step-by-step explanation:
The purpose of the catalase test is to differentiate Listeria monocytogenes from other bacteria, primarily streptococci. By adding hydrogen peroxide to a bacterial culture, the presence of the enzyme catalase can be detected through the observation of bubbling, which indicates a positive test result. Listeria monocytogenes will produce a positive catalase test, differentiating it from Streptococcus species, which are catalase-negative.
This distinction is essential when identifying the cause of an infection or determining the appropriate treatment. A positive catalase test, alongside findings such as beta-hemolysis on blood agar and tumbling motility at room temperature, leads to the confirmation of Listeria in clinical samples.