Final Answer:
The normal flora in oral, respiratory, and GI mucosa consists of diverse microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. They play crucial roles in maintaining host health, aiding digestion, and preventing pathogenic invasion. As opportunistic pathogens, they can cause infections under certain conditions. Subacute bacterial endocarditis is frequently caused by oral flora, particularly streptococci. Common oral diseases associated with these microorganisms include:
1) Gingivitis
2) Dental caries (cavities)
3) Periodontitis
4) Halitosis
Step-by-step explanation:
Normal flora in the oral, respiratory, and GI mucosa comprises a complex ecosystem of microorganisms. In the oral cavity, bacteria like Streptococcus and Staphylococcus are prevalent, contributing to a balanced microbial community. The respiratory system harbors microbes that help prevent colonization by pathogens, while the GI tract houses a vast array of bacteria crucial for digestion and nutrient absorption.
Opportunistic pathogens are typically harmless within their normal habitat but can cause infections when the host's defenses are compromised. In the case of subacute bacterial endocarditis, the oral flora, particularly Streptococcus viridans, can enter the bloodstream during dental procedures or injuries, leading to infections in the heart valves.
Gingivitis, dental caries, periodontitis, and halitosis are common oral diseases associated with the normal flora turning pathogenic. Gingivitis involves inflammation of the gums, often triggered by the accumulation of dental plaque. Dental caries, or cavities, result from the demineralization of enamel by acid-producing bacteria like Streptococcus mutans. Periodontitis is characterized by inflammation and infection of the supporting structures of the teeth, and halitosis, or bad breath, can be caused by the release of volatile sulfur compounds by certain oral bacteria.
Understanding the dynamics of normal flora and their potential to become opportunistic pathogens is crucial for preventive healthcare and targeted interventions to maintain oral and systemic health.
Therefore the common oral diseases caused by them is:
1) Gingivitis
2) Dental caries (cavities)
3) Periodontitis
4) Halitosis