Final answer:
Spironolactone combined with HCTZ is often used to treat high blood pressure, edema, and heart failure due to their synergistic diuretic effects. They work by promoting the excretion of sodium and water, helping to reduce blood pressure and alleviate fluid retention. Option 1 is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
The combination of spironolactone with HCTZ (hydrochlorothiazide) is used to treat multiple conditions, including high blood pressure (hypertension), edema, and heart failure. Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, works by blocking the action of aldosterone and helping the body get rid of excess water while retaining potassium. HCTZ, a thiazide diuretic, reduces the overall volume of blood by promoting the excretion of sodium and water through the kidneys.
These two medications often work synergistically by targeting different parts of the nephron for a more potent diuretic effect. Loop diuretics, like furosemide, also help in treating hypertension by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions in the loop of Henle, leading to increased urine production. The increase in urination is due to the body's attempt to balance electrolytes and remove the excess fluid. By treating hypertension and reducing fluid retention, they can alleviate symptoms associated with heart failure and other cardiovascular conditions.