Final answer:
Margreta can achieve ego differentiation by finding a new sense of self beyond her career, embracing other roles and activities, and integrating Erikson's concept of integrity over despair and Tornstam's theory of gerotranscendence into her life. The correct answer is option: She should learn to think of herself in ways outside of her role as elementary school teacher.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to Peck (1968), Margreta should reach ego differentiation in her retirement by learning to think of herself in ways outside of her role as an elementary school teacher. As she transitions into later adulthood, this process will involve acknowledging her previous career accomplishments and embracing new aspects of her identity beyond her professional life.
Erikson's theory suggests that at the stage of old age, individuals face the challenge of developing integrity over despair. This involves assessing their lives and making peace with the past, which can lead to the potential for wisdom and growth. Margreta can benefit from this introspection by finding fulfillment in other roles and activities that are not tied to her career as a teacher.
Lars Tornstam's theory of gerotranscendence also supports this path, indicating that as individuals age, they often become less self-centered and develop a sense of connection with the world, allowing them to transcend previous views and embrace the natural process of aging peacefully.