Question

An otherwise healthy child receives a varicella virus vaccine. Three weeks later the parent calls to report that the child has a mild case of chickenpox and wonders how this could happen after the vaccination. What will the nurse tell the parent?

1) A varicella-like rash can occur after the vaccine is given.
2) The vaccine was probably ineffective.
3) This represents a serious vaccine side effect.
4) Give the child aspirin to treat any fever that may occur.

Answer 1

A mild case of chickenpox after vaccination usually indicates a vaccine-related rash and not a serious side effect or vaccine failure. As immunity develops post-vaccination, mild illness can occur due to less than 100% vaccine efficacy. Aspirin should be avoided in children with viral infections.

Step-by-step explanation:

An occurrence of a mild case of chickenpox after varicella virus vaccination is more likely due to a varicella-like rash that can occur post-vaccine, rather than a serious side effect or indication that the vaccine was ineffective. The varicella vaccine works by introducing a weakened form of the varicella-zoster virus to stimulate the immune system. However, it takes several weeks for immunity to fully develop, and during this time, it is possible for a mild version of the illness to occur. Moreover, the vaccine is not 100% effective in preventing chickenpox, and a small number of vaccinated individuals can still get a very mild form of chickenpox.

In terms of treatment, aspirin should not be given to children with viral infections due to the risk of Reye syndrome — a serious condition. Instead, other fever reducers and pain relievers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen are recommended.