Final answer:
To collect from an indwelling catheter, healthcare professionals follow a sterile procedure, often involving gloves, cleaning, and a sterile container. The WHO notes the high risk of infections from catheters, with 80,000 cases in the US annually. Infections are indicative of symptoms like redness, warmth, and fever, as seen in Barbara's clinical case.
Step-by-step explanation:
To collect from an indwelling catheter, a healthcare professional must ensure a sterile environment to minimize the risk of infection. The process generally involves wearing gloves, cleaning the area around the catheter exit site, and using a sterile container to collect the output, whether it's urine from a Foley catheter or drainage from another type of catheter. Invasive measures, such as those involving intra-arterial pressures or central venous pressures, require the insertion of thin tubes or catheters by qualified healthcare workers into specific areas of the body to transmit pressures to measuring devices outside the body. The World Health Organization highlights the risk of bloodstream infections with indwelling catheters, with 80,000 such incidents yearly in the US leading to approximately 20,000 deaths. Moreover, catheters can become contaminated with a biofilm of microorganisms, as shown in the provided electron micrograph, which depicts Staphylococcus aureus bacteria on an indwelling catheter. In the clinical case of Barbara, an infection at the catheter site was suggested by redness and warmth around the area, and a fever was treated with topical antiseptics and oxacillin.