Final answer:
Chief Justice John Marshall established the precedent of judges wearing black robes, symbolizing the judiciary's impartiality and uniformity. His influence extends from the legal principles set forth in Marbury v. Madison to the ceremonial aspects of the court, shaping the identity of the American legal system.
Step-by-step explanation:
Marshall established the precedent of judges wearing a plain black robe. Chief Justice John Marshall is a central figure in the establishment of judicial review through the landmark case Marbury v. Madison in 1803. His decision in this case strengthened the federal judiciary's role in American government, setting the stage for the Supreme Court to act as the authority on constitutional matters.
As part of Marshall's legacy, the customs and formalities of the Supreme Court were also established, including the wearing of black robes by judges. This practice signified the impartiality and uniformity expected of the judiciary. Marshall's contributions were not just legal but also cultural, influencing the traditions and appearance of the American legal system for generations to come.