Final answer:
John Marshall is credited with "inventing" the Supreme Court by truly testing its power through landmark cases such as Marbury v. Madison. He defined the modern court's role and established the principle of judicial review.
Step-by-step explanation:
John Marshall is credited with "inventing" the Supreme Court by truly testing its power. After the first chief justice, John Jay, resigned, Marshall became the fourth chief justice and served for thirty-four years. He defined the modern court's role, clarified its power, and strengthened its position through landmark cases such as Marbury v. Madison in 1803. In this case, the court established the principle of judicial review, which allows the court to determine the constitutionality of laws passed by Congress and signed by the president.