Final answer:
A device designed to provide protection against hydraulic shock in the building water supply system is called a Water hammer arrestor. It absorbs shock waves created by the sudden stop of water flow, preventing pipes from vibrating and potentially causing damage.
Step-by-step explanation:
A device designed to provide protection against hydraulic shock in the building water supply system is called a Water hammer arrestor. A water hammer arrestor is a small device that absorbs shock waves created by the sudden stop of water flow, preventing the pipes from vibrating and potentially causing damage. It consists of a sealed chamber with a cushion of air or gas that compresses and absorbs the shock wave when the water flow is suddenly stopped.