Final answer:
The way in which parties align a vote for or against a bill is called logrolling. Logrolling refers to the situation where groups of legislators agree to vote for a package of otherwise unrelated laws that they individually favor.
Step-by-step explanation:
The way in which parties align a vote for or against a bill is called logrolling. Logrolling refers to the situation where groups of legislators agree to vote for a package of otherwise unrelated laws that they individually favor. This practice can encourage a practice known as pork barrel spending, where legislators seek to secure funding and projects for their own districts.