Final answer:
Examples of oral opioids are morphine, used for severe pain typically around surgeries; oxycodone, prescribed for moderate to severe pain; and codeine, used for mild to moderate pain often in combination with other non-opioid pain relievers. Opioids are derived from the opium poppy or are synthetic versions used to alleviate pain but have a high potential for abuse.
Step-by-step explanation:
Opioids are a class of drugs that have analgesic effects, which means they can effectively reduce pain. Some common examples of oral opioids include morphine, which is frequently used in medical settings both before and following surgical procedures to alleviate severe pain, and codeine, often combined with acetaminophen for mild to moderate pain relief. Another well-known oral opioid is oxycodone, which is prescribed for moderate to severe pain management. These drugs are derived from the opium poppy plant or synthesized to mimic the natural compounds. Opioids work by binding to opioid receptors in the brain, spinal cord, and gastrointestinal tract, altering the perception of pain. However, opioids such as morphine, oxycodone, and other prescription pain relievers like Hydromorphone have a high potential for abuse and addiction, which is a significant public health concern, leading to strict regulations on their use. Other opioids include Heroin, Fentanyl, Vicodin, and methadone. Heroin is a semi-synthetic opioid that is highly addictive, while fentanyl is a synthetic opioid many times more potent than morphine and commonly associated with overdose risks.