Final answer:
The effect of histamine that is NOT included is fever, as histamine is involved in localized inflammatory responses such as vasodilation, pain, swelling, and redness, but not directly in causing fever.
Step-by-step explanation:
Histamine is known to cause a variety of responses in the body, but it does not directly cause fever. Fever is typically a systemic response to infection and is mediated by substances such as pyrogens, which are not directly related to the local action of histamine during an inflammatory response.
When tissue is injured, histamine plays a key role in the inflammatory response by causing vasodilation, which leads to increased blood flow, heat, and redness in the affected area. It also increases the permeability of blood vessel walls, allowing fluids to leak into the tissue, leading to swelling (edema) and pain as the expanding tissues stimulate pain receptors.
Prostaglandins also contribute to the sensation of pain. Antihistamines can decrease these symptoms by blocking histamine receptors, while non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can reduce pain by inhibiting prostaglandins.