Final answer:
An infection in the lung tissue causing inflammation, cough, and fever is known as pneumonia, which is characterized by fluid-filled alveoli and requires medical treatment, potentially including antibiotics.
Step-by-step explanation:
An infection (infiltrate) in the lung tissue causing lung inflammation, cough, and fever is most accurately described as pneumonia. This condition involves inflammation primarily affecting the alveoli, which become filled with fluid that inhibits gas exchange.
The correct answer is E. Pneumonia.
Pneumonia is a respiratory disease characterized by inflammation of the alveoli in the lungs, which fill with fluid due to an infection. While COPD is a chronic lung disease that affects airflow, and bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, pneumonia is specifically associated with alveolar infection and fluid accumulation. Symptoms include coughing, chest pain, and difficulty breathing, alongside fever. Pneumonia can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or even physical injury to the lungs.
It is a serious condition that can be life-threatening and requires medical attention. Treatments vary depending on the cause but may include antibiotics for bacterial pneumonia. Pneumonia is also preventable in some cases through vaccination. The filling of the alveoli with fluid results in impaired gas exchange, which is critical for providing oxygen to the blood and removing carbon dioxide.