Final answer:
To rule out Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip in a 4-week-old female, a physical exam including the Ortolani and Barlow maneuvers and imaging tests such as an ultrasound or radiograph is used, especially due to risk factors of breech presentation and high birth weight.
Step-by-step explanation:
To rule out Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) in a 4-week-old female infant with a history of breech presentation and a high birth weight, a physical examination and imaging tests such as an ultrasound or radiograph may be used. The Ortolani and Barlow maneuvers are common parts of the physical exam used to assess for DDH. If these tests are uncertain or if the child is older than 6 weeks, an ultrasound is typically performed because it is more sensitive in young infants. A radiograph may be more appropriate around 4 to 6 months of age when the bones have matured enough to provide clear images. A breech presentation, especially a frank breech or a complete breech, as well as a high birth weight are risk factors for DDH. If DDH is left uncorrected, it can lead to long-term difficulties with mobility and joint health. Therefore, early detection and treatment are crucial.